From: The Current State of Black Banking . August 12, 2016. On April 28, 2003, several major US investment banks, including J.P. Morgan Chase (JPMC), were embroiled in aiding and abetting efforts to defraud investors, leading to a fine of $1.4 billion imposed by the SEC. Despite the severity of their fraudulent actions, the repercussions for these institutions seemed inadequate to deter future unethical practices. In 2012, the LIBOR scandal brought to light a series of deceitful maneuvers linked to the London Inter-bank Offered Rate. Banks unscrupulously manipulated interest rates to bolster their own profits or portray themselves as more creditworthy than they actually were. This scandal, involving approximately $350 trillion in derivatives, stands as an unparalleled financial scam in history. Unfortunately, the punishment meted out to the involved institutions did not seem to be a sufficient deterrent against future misconduct. These incidents serve as a backdrop for ex...
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